21st Century Literature Genres: Doodle Fiction, Graphic Novel, and Manga

21st Century Literature refers to new literary work created within the last decade. It is written by contemporary authors which may deal with current theme or issues and reflects a technological culture. It often breaks traditional writing rules. Some examples of 21st century genres are Doodle Fiction, Graphic Novel, and Manga.

Example of a Doodle Fiction
Example of a Graphic Novel
Example of a Manga

These genres have differences in terms of elements and structure. In terms of elements, doodle fiction used doodles for a more humorous and/or engaging effect, and also used handwritten elements to write its text and drawing. Graphic novel used a very Americanized art style in drawing the comic while manga used a very specific Japanese art style to draw the graphics, drawn in a heavily stylized way, and always pertains to Japanese elements including culture, the people, the environment, behavior and the likes.

On the other hand, in terms of structure, these genres also have differences. Doodle fiction follows a novel or story book type of narration, and show both text and pictures in a way like articles are written. Graphic novel must be read from left to right, have panels to separate a scene from another scene, and simply a comic book in book format and published like a book instead of a magazine. While manga have panels to separate a scene from another scene, have a more flowy style, and read from right to left.

Despite their differences in terms of structure and elements, they also have similarities. All these genres incorporate drawings, illustration, or graphics in telling a story. And, each genre couldn’t come into being without the assistance of a computer or through digital mechanisms.

These three 21st century genres have many differences and similarities but possess characteristics which make them unique and entertaining. These differences shows their uniqueness while their similarities visualize their characteristics as a 21st century genres.


All sources for the definition and characteristics of each genre came from “21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World”.

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